Weighing the Columbus Cargo

An op-ed, in today’s Washington Times, by Ed Hudgins of The Objectivist Center on why we should celebrate Columbus.

Many critics argue Christopher Columbus gave us a devil’s bargain. In October 1492 that Italian explorer, working for Spain, opened America to his fellow Europeans. The result: We got a prosperous New World by impoverishing, enslaving and murdering the natives who were already here.
But this fails to distinguish between two types of exploitation, one over other humans and the other over nature. The former should be expunged from our moral codes and civilized society, the latter is the essence of morality and civilization.
Human exploitation was suffered especially by the tens of millions of inhabitants of the pre-Columbian lands from Mexico through South America. Cortes the Conquistador, for example, defeated the Aztec rulers of Mexico. Many of the tribes that were subject to the Aztecs sided with Cortes; they hated the Aztecs for, among other things, their practice of cutting the living hearts out of members of tribes they subjugated, as sacrifices to their gods. Cortes imposed his rule on the Aztecs and their subjects alike, replacing one tyranny with another. The natives were treated harshly and many forced to work as de facto or actual slaves for their new masters.
On the other hand, many settlers, especially in North America which had far fewer natives, took a different path. They came to the New World to build their own lives. They did not prosper by conquering other men but, rather, by conquering nature.
They had to clear the land, plant and sow crops. They had to practice the trades of carpenters, masons, loggers, miners, blacksmiths and tailors to build their towns and to create the necessities for life and prosperity. In the centuries that followed, their descendants — including Americans today — built the richest, most prosperous country on Earth.
Today it is chic among back-to-nature types to idealize the pre-Columbian natives and question whether what we have today constitutes real progress. This silliness was given philosophical credence by the 18th-century thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s notion of the “noble savage.” No doubt many individual natives were as noble as one could be in savage circumstances, but America before Columbus was no Eden.
Let’s put aside the wars between tribes, the outright brutality and the like, and just look at the daily lives of the Indians before Columbus. Life was lived simply, in primitive cycles. Natives inhabited crude hovels and hunted or used subsistence farming to sustain themselves. Yes, they could enjoy family and friends, tell tales of bringing down buffalo, and imagine that the stars in the sky painted pictures of giant bears and other creatures. The ancestors of Europeans did the same.
But true human life, either for an individual or society, is not an endless, stagnant cycle. Rather, it is a growth in knowledge, in power over the environment, and in individual liberty.
Perhaps many pre-Columbian natives were content with their lot in a simple, animal-like existence. But what of young Indian children who wondered why family members sickened and died and if there were ways unknown to the shamans to relieve their pain or cure them; if there were ways to build shelters that would resist bitter winters, stifling summers and the storms that raged in both seasons; whether there were ways to guarantee food would always be abundant and starvation no longer a drought away; why plants grow and what those lights in the sky really were; and whether they could ever actually fly like birds and observe mountains from the height of eagles? Where were the opportunities for these natives?
Three ideas from Enlightenment Europe provided keys to true human life. First was the idea we as individuals have a right to our own dreams and desires, that we are not simply tied to a tribe or the wishes of others, that civilization means individuals are free to live their own lives, as long as they acknowledge the similar freedom of others.
Second was the understanding that through the rational exercise of our minds we can truly discover the nature of the world around us, replacing myths — no matter how beautiful or poetic — with real knowledge.
And third was the appreciation such knowledge allows us to bend nature to our wills. Through our thoughts and actions, we gain the pride of achieving the best within us.
The clash between the cultures of pre-Columbian natives and European immigrants certainly produced injustices for natives. But it would have been unjust for those natives to expect the immigrants to hold themselves to the level of primitive cultures and beliefs. The true long-term tragedy is that so many descendants of the pre-Columbian peoples in North America ended up on reservations rather than integrated into a society that offers opportunities for each individual to excel.
Columbus opened a whole new land for those who would tame nature and build a new, free and prosperous nation. We should celebrate the opportunity for America that he gave us — not apologize for it.

This article is also available on TOC’s website.

The Movie 'Serenity' and Ayn Rand

Writing for Blog Critics, Marty Dodge gives an overall favorable review of the new movie Serenity (which we’ve discussed many times before).
His review ends by noting the Rand-esque features of Serenity‘s hero, Malcolm Reynolds:

It is not the best film I have ever seen (Apollo 13 and Bullitt rank as the tops for me) but it is nevertheless a very good 2 hours+ entertainment. I hope that the success of the film encourages Whedon to have another crack at continuing Firefly, or if not, that the fine bunch of actors in this movie go on to other things. I particularly like Nathan Fillion, who looks like an Ayn Rand hero with a wonderfully dry sense of humour, like Clint Eastwood or Spencer Tracy in their pomp.

Two additional parallels with Ayn Rand’s novels:
– Nathan Fillion’s character, Malcolm Reynolds, is a Ragnar-esque pirate who makes his living stealing from a tyrannical government regime
– The entire theme of Serenity is ‘the individual versus the state’
I too enjoyed the movie, and concur with Dodge’s rating of 8-out-of-10. I’d recommend it for anyone who is not disturbed by moderately intense violence.
Even better is the TV series, about which you can learn more by reading the Ascendance of Firefly.

Ayn Rand Society program: Ayn Rand as Aristotelian

The Ayn Rand Society announced its program for December 2005. The title of this year’s program is “Ayn Rand as Aristotelian.”
The details of the program are as follows:

Ayn Rand as Aristotelian
Chairman: John M. Cooper (Princeton University)
Speakers:
James G. Lennox (University of Pittsburgh) – “Axioms and their Validation”
Allan Gotthelf (University of Pittsburgh) – “Concepts and Essences”
Fred D. Miller, Jr. (Bowling Green State University) – “Values and Happiness”
Robert Mayhew (Seton Hall University) – “Literary Esthetics”
New York Hilton
1335 Avenue of the Americas
New York City
Thursday, December 29th
1:30-4:30 pm
Nassau Suite B (Second Floor)

The Ayn Rand Society is affiliated with the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division. Its aim is to foster the scholarly study by philosophers of the philosophical thought and writings of Ayn Rand. Membership in The Ayn Rand Society is open only to members of the American Philosophical Association. Non-members of the APA may affiliate with the Society as a “Contributor.” Contributors receive papers and other mailings, including memos, meeting announcements and invitations, along with members. The ARS membership/contribution form is available on the ARS website.
The ARS program “Ayn Rand as Aristotelian” is open to everyone registered at the convention, whether an ARS member or not; and registration is open both to members and to non-members of the APA. Advance registration forms, and the entire program for the December 2005 convention are posted at the APA Eastern Division website

Atlas Shrugged Among All-Time Best Books

In an on-line survey to find the Canadian Readers’ Choice Picks for the
Top 100 Best Books of all time
, Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged ranked 33rd. Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code was ranked the best book. The poll was conducted between June and August 2005 by Indigo Books & Music Inc., and was based on responses from 7,000 members of Indigo’s loyalty rewards program.

Cold War Part II: Russia and China vs. the U.S.

The Heritage Foundation’s Ariel Cohen has an interesting article today titled “War Games: Russia, China Grow Alliance.”
After reviewing various aspects of a warming alliance between Russia and China, Cohen makes the following observations and recommendations:

If the U.S. and the three European powers, which failed to negotiate a halt in the Iranian nuclear program, bring the case against Tehran to the U.N. Security Council, Russia and China are likely to block real sanctions. They may threaten to veto a resolution calling for the use of force to terminate Iranâ??s nuclear-arms bid.
Moscow and Beijing want to work together because each country now views the other as its â??strategic rear.â? Given this reality, the U.S. should take prudent steps to drive a wedge between Russia and China. To do that, the Bush administration should:
â??Work with Russia to battle radical Islamic groups in Central Asia. Opposing Islamic terrorism and militancy is a joint interest for the two powers. Washington should help develop joint energy, services and manufacturing projects in Central Asia among, for example, Russian, Turkish and Indian firms.
â??Increase intelligence monitoring of relations between Russia and China, especially in national security areas. Intelligence gathering should focus on the condition of Russian forces in the Far East, including the possibility of the Russian Pacific Fleetâ??s intercepting the U.S. Seventh Fleet in any confrontation in the East China Sea.
â??Strengthen military and security cooperation with India and Japan. The U.S. should work with them to secure shipping lanes and develop Central Asia and the Russian Far East to offset Chinaâ??s growing economic power.
Despite strides in Sino-Russian rapprochement, Moscow remains nervous about China, especially its intentions in the Russian far east and Siberia. Riding the Chinese dragon may well prove even less comfortable for the Russians than they anticipate.
At that point, they may wish to renew a genuine partnership with the United States. But until then, we must monitor this emerging partnership carefully â?? and work to keep it from getting too cozy.

See the full article for more.

Globalization Advocate Jonah Norberg

The Austrailian has an interesting article profiling a “glamorous young pro-capitalist who is reinventing radical chic” and works hard to counter what he calls the “globoloney” of anti-globalization protesters.
His name is Johan Norberg and he is also a fan of Ayn Rand’s works.
From the article:

“I used to share many of the beliefs of the anti-globalisation movement. That is where I came from. I saw economic change and restructuring as more of a problem and I didn’t see the positive side to it.
“But then I began to study Swedish history and read about the fact that 100 or 150 years ago every country was a poor country, including Sweden. It is so easy to take these things for granted. But when you see that our forefathers were actually starving you have to think about the dynamic creative forces that have turned this around.”
Adam Smith, John Locke and Ayn Rand are some of his key influences but part of Norberg’s credibility within sections of the non-government sector stems from his passion for ending global poverty.
“When globalisation knocks at the door of Bhagant, an elderly agricultural worker and untouchable in the Indian village of Saijani, this leads to houses being built of brick instead of mud, and to people getting shoes on their feet and clean clothes – not rags – on their backs,” he wrote in In Defence of Global Capitalism.
“Outdoors the streets now have drains and the fragrance of tilled earth has replaced the stench of refuse. Thirty years ago Bhagant didn’t know he was living in India. Today he watches world news on television.”
It is human nature to focus on the negative, Norberg concedes. He feels the pain of young anti-globalisation activists and their anger about poverty. But the good news, that, yes, the rich are getting richer but the poor are not getting poorer, must be spread to combat the notion that growth and economic openness oppresses those at the bottom of the income scale.
“The Asian economies are the most impressive economies today,” he says. “Low-income Asian countries like Taiwan and South Korea were just as poor as African countries 50 years ago. Now they are 20 times richer. Since 1981, extreme poverty in the developing world has been reduced by half. It has dropped from 40 per cent to about 21 per cent. The world has never seen such a rapid reduction in poverty, hunger and infant mortality.”
Or as Norberg’s website says: “In the poorest developing countries, somebody working for an American employer earns no less than eight times the average wage in their own country.”

See the full article for more.

Euro-Nonsense in 'The Edukators' Movie

An interesting review sent out by Ed Hudgins:
Another example of how Europeans and Americans are drifting apart culturally and politically can be seen in the film “The Edukators” (“Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei” in German, translated as “The Fat Years Are Over”). This flick comes to American theaters from Austrian-born director Hans Weingartner and it will no doubt delight limousine liberals and the types of self-righteous juveniles who travel to exotic places to protest against globalization on Mom and Dad’s credit card.
The film focuses on two self-styled radicals — Jan and Peter — who’ve hit upon a new way to make their point. They secretly break into the houses of vacationing well-to-do families and rearrange the furniture, piling chairs on tables and on sofas, putting the porcelain in the toilet and leaving notes like “You have too much money.” They want these supposed privileged elites to hear those words whispering in their ears as they stand in line at the bank. These radicals use guilt rather than guns as a weapon.
When Peter’s away on a trip his girlfriend Jule, who gets fired from her waitress job for smoking and some sloppy work habits, confides in Jan that she is poor because she is paying off $95,500 Euros to a man whose car she destroyed in an accident; she had let her insurance and her driver’s license expire. (Sounds like irresponsibility, not capitalist exploitation!)
Jan talks about the problems of the bourgeoisie television addicts and how the revolution has sold out; Che T-shirts are now sold in boutiques. Jule says she “wants to find something to believe in.” Jan in turn confides to Jule about his and Peter’s nocturnal invasions, and on the spur of the moment, Jan and Jule target the house of the man who in her mind is responsible for her financial plight. But when the two return the next night to retrieve Jule’s lost cell phone, Herr Hardenburg returns home as well, confronts Jule, whom he recognizes and is promptly subdued and tied up by Jan. They call the now- returned Peter to join them and to figure out what to do. They can’t release Hardenburg and just hope he won’t rat them out since this capitalist pig “lies all day long” for a living.
So the three take Hardenburg to a rarely-used cabin in the mountains to decide his fate. They could officially kidnap Hardenburg, collect a ransom and use it to help Jule flee the country. Or they could put him in the morgue, a thought about which they are truly queasy.
Director Weingartner gives us plenty of dialog between the four. Hardenburg at first gently argues with them about what they’ve done. He says he’s being made a scapegoat for the system. “Yes,” reply the revolutionaries, “you didn’t make the gun but you pulled the trigger.” He says he didn’t know about and regrets the problems the debt has caused Jule; he had just let his lawyer handle the matter. He agrees that many of the trio’s complaints are valid. Is Stockholm Syndrome setting in or is Hardenburg just trying to gain their confidence so they’ll release him rather than kill him?
Herr H. reveals that in those crazy 1960s he was a student radical. So how did he come to where he is today? Eventually he wanted a more reliable car and air-conditioning. He married his girlfriend, they had children, they needed more money and security. Now he works 14 hours a day for his three cars and a boat he doesn’t have time to use. He thought money would buy him freedom. Instead it bought responsibilities. He doesn’t seem happy.
Jan and Peter inevitably fight for the affections of Jule; Hardenburg tries to be a peacemaker and even takes up cooking, a task he loved back in the old commune days but that he doesn’t have time to do now that he’s a rich guy.
Eventually the trio is convinced that the kidnapping was wrong and they return Hardenburg who offers — it seems sincerely –that he won’t call the cops and will cancel Jule’s debt. Does he keep his promise or do “some people never change”? In the end the trio goes off to immobilize the satellite dishes that keep most Europeans addicted to television.
Director Weingartner is an interesting character. He was trained as a medical doctor but gave it up for films. Perhaps his generic point that rich folks should not lose their happiness in material possessions thus comes from his own circumstances. But this doesn’t argue for the revolutionary nonsense spouted by the film’s protagonists. Rather, it suggests that the Hardenburgs of the world should take pride in producing their possessions and take time to enjoy them.
Weingartner says he moved to Germany from Austria because the former country was more prosperous and thus there was more money with which to make movies. And he resides in Berlin because, he claims, the cost of living there is lower than in most other European cities. Hmmm, sounds pretty materialistic and bourgeois to me.
Weingartner says of his motivation for the movie, “We don’t know where to put our revolutionary energy.” Hey, if you really believe in “the cause,” why not go to communist Cuba and work as a doctor in a local clinic?
Weingartner manifests all of the economic errors and moral confusion to which Europeans are addicted. We see the old class warfare Marxist assumption that individuals prosper at the expense of others. Hardenburg is rich because of the exploitive capitalist system, which keeps the Third World peoples impoverished. But in point of fact, Hardenburg and those like him do not exploit others; they earn their money through their own efforts, producing the goods and services that the young radicals so detest. He does not deserve to be kidnapped by this trio of self-righteous Robin Hoods who deserve jail rather than our sympathy.
Consider some facts. Many of the poor folks in the Third World in whose names these revolutionaries commit their deeds risk their lives trying to flee to Europe and America so that they than can partake of all the bourgeois comforts with which we’re blessed. Further, if the Edukators really want to help the world or just their fellow Germans, they would become productive members of society, like Hardenburg.
And as to the remark that money does not buy freedom (or happiness), only responsibility, Weingartner has it all wrong. Responsibility for their lives is what adults embrace with joy and is what allows them to create the goods and services that make them — and their neighbors and country — prosperous. Weingartner, like so many on the Left, worship the infantile as attractive, moral and revolutionary. It is not. There’s nothing more pathetic than what Hardenburg would have been had he held to the “ideals” of the revolution: a burned- out baby-boomer living in a sloppy garret, musing for the good ol’ days and playing old Hendrix records. (Okay, they’d be MP3s, and at least the ’60s had some good music.) That’s what’s in the future for the Edukators.
Weingartner’s movie plays on the guilt that well-off Europeans — and limo-lib Americans — usually feel. And life truly imitated art at the flick’s premier last year at Cannes. Let’s go to the scene: the rich and glamorous, resplendent in beautiful clothes and jewels, arrive in chauffeured Mercedes at the grand auditorium. After the film accuses the richâ??Which ones? The audience? Or the individuals who got that way producing their clothing and manufacturing their cars?â??of being crass materialists, they give it a ten- minute standing ovation before retiring to their villas and palaces on the Riviera to imbibe the best cuisine, wine and champagne their dirty money can buy.
Clearly the well-off of Europe need some educating, but not in the way Weingartner proposes. Hypocrites who applaud the sentiments of his movie might legally deserve their wealth but spiritually they do not since they are applauding the principles that will ensure that Europe some day becomes like the destitute Third World that so many radicals — rich ones or otherwise — claim they wish to help.